leadershipLeadership can be defined as the process of persuading (encourage) others to take steps towards a common goal (Locke & Associates, 1997). As Grimes (1978) and Hollander (1978) and Gibson et al. (1996) stated very big leadership role to motivate members of the organization at large memperbe energy to behave in an effort to achieve group goals. Tyson and Jackson (1992: 84) adds that while leadership can be defined as the influence that includes ongoing operations between leaders and followers, others consider that there are at least three conditions must be satisfied that management had happened to namely, (1) leaders must show the causes of things, (2) the relationship between leader behaviors and their effects should be observed, and (3) that changes in the actual changes in behavior and members of the organization in the results next leader as a result of action. This is reinforced by Stogdill (in Tyson and Jackson, 1999: 85) argues that some of the strongest factors leading personality of the followers, which may affect the behavior of followers.

Leadership category can be divided into three elements, namely:

  1. Leadership is a concept of relationships / connections (relational concept). This leadership exists only in relationships with others, as among the leaders with followers. If no followers, then there is no so-called leaders.
  2. Leadership is a process. To drive, leaders must do something. As has been studied by Gardner (1989), leadership is more than just a position of authority or authorities. Although the position of authority may very encouraging process of formal leadership, but simply hold that position is not enough to make someone a leader.
  3. Leadership must persuade others to take action. Leaders to persuade their followers elalui various ways, such as the use of legitimate authority, the creation of a model, giving rewards and punishment (reward and punishment), the restructuring of the organization and communicating a vision.
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soccer businessGlobalization era, meaning free-market era. All logic, like do not like had already wet should be subject to this logic. Managing soccer, as the preachers take care of his people, the management needs in accordance with market logic, the logic means money. Not only manage the management of players on the field, but must be smart to manage the business market. Without it, it means digging the grave. We can enjoy the glittering world of football business with billions of details of the contract money players, tens of thousands of tickets sold, or royalnya sponsors that support a club. But this was only true in a handful of clubs. Beyond that, other clubs are in a situation of financial pulsate.

For a top club, the players, and leading sponsors such as Adidas, Nike Inc., Groups and Vodafone PLC, it can be said to always bring good news. But what about the other clubs? In all of Europe now recorded about 400 major division team in a state of financial instability, even in 40% of the category “ill.” It has become common discourse, that the only clubs who qualify for the Champions League and UEFA Cup could profit. This means that, although classified as a top club but if it fails to be a champion of one of the championships will be facing financial losses.

Journalist Jack Ewing in BusinessWeek  note, the clubs in Serie A, Italy lost a total of $ 485 million in the 2002 season from $ 1.4 billion sales-and lost at least $ 360 million in 2003. Apparently, in the year 2004, this prediction much closer to the truth. According to Staudt, former CEO of IBM Germany VfB Stuttgart boss now, one of the Bundesliga club, in England Premier League may only five of the 20 teams which recorded profit before tax in the new season just ended. Staudt is already poor across the world of football business in the end realize that football is not just a sport, but a heavy business world.

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ritel businessRetail industry continued to change with changes in technology, development of business and consumer needs. Retailing is the overall business activities related to the sale and delivery of services to consumers for the use of a personal nature as individuals and families. To succeed in a competitive retail market, Retail actors must be able to offer the right product, at a price, time & place as well. Therefore, the understanding of the characteristics of perpetrators Retail or consumer target market to be served is a very important thing.

Retail actors in the operational run several functions such as helping customers in providing a variety of products & services. Split function and add value to the product, the overall retail business manager requires the implementation of functions – functions better integrated management of financial functions, marketing, human resources, and operational. Retail actors so that a full understanding of the scope of the retail business, how to manage strategy and business development.

Retail is the concept of management orientation that focuses Retail in determining the target market needs and satisfy their needs more effectively & efficiently. The successful retailers must meet the needs of customers in market segments served better than that done by competitors. Main tasks in developing Retailing is the set target, this process begins by defining market segmentation.

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