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Deposits in Islamic banks managed by an investment or mudaroba’ way, so commonly known as the Deposit Mudharaba’. Bank Syariah not pay interest on customer deposits to pay the deposit but the profit sharing has been determined by the ratio (the business benefits for each party, the amount determined by agreement). Several types of savings futures also managed in a way such mudharobah education savings and retirement savings, savings pilgrimage, this term savings commonly known term Mudaraba’ Education Savings Accounts, Savings Hajj. These savings cannot be withdrawn by the owner of the funds before the maturity date so qualified to invest.

Al-Musharaka
Cooperation between two or more parties to a particular business. The parties are working together to contribute capital. Profits or business risks will be borne jointly in accordance with the agreement.

In this system, if the conventional banks as a means of financing. Bank and customer jointly contribute capital that is then used to run the business. Serves as the bank will apply the inclusion with an agreed profit sharing together. In conventional banks, such financing is similar to working capital loans.

The Principle of Al-Murabaha’
In this scheme, there has been buying and selling a home at the price of goods with value added benefits that both parties agreed. The seller in this case must tell the price of products purchased, and determine a level of profit in addition.

If the conventional banks to pay interest to its customers, the Islamic bank to pay for the benefits in accordance with the agreement. The agreement for this result set with a ratio of the number or ratio. Ratio between banks and their clients is determined at the beginning, for example, determined the portion of each side 60:40, which means that the business results obtained will be distributed by 60% for the customers and 40% for banks.

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The basic principles of Islamic banks have different characteristics from conventional banks, among others include:

Savings
Al-wadiah a pure deposit of one party to another party, whether individuals or legal entities, which must be preserved and restored whenever the desire Care.

Bank deposits as the recipient can use this principle in a conventional bank deposits known as the product. As a consequence, all profits generated from the deposit of funds belonging to banks (and vice versa). In return, the store had security guarantees against property, and facilities are also other deposits.

Giro accounts in Islamic banks managed deposit system so commonly known as Giro Wadiah, because basically checking accounts are public funds in the bank for payment purposes, and its withdrawal can be made at any time.

Sharing Profit
Al-Mudharaba’ is business cooperation transaction between the two parties, in which the first party to provide the entire (100 percent) of capital, while others become managers. Business profits are divided according to the agreement mudaraba’ set forth in the contract, whereas if the loss, borne by the owners of capital loss is not due to negligence on the manager. If resulting losses from fraud, the manager will be responsible for the losses.

Mudharaba’ transaction applied financial products and financing. On the union funds, al-mudaraba’ applied to the savings and deposits. While on the financing side, al-mudaraba‘, applied for working capital financing.

By placing funds in the principle of al-mudaraba‘, the owner of the funds not earning interest, just as in conventional banks, but the ratio of the profits. In practice, the savings ratio ranges from 55 to -56 percent of the investments made by banks. In the case of conventional banks, these numbers roughly equivalent to 11-12 percent.

While the financing side, if a trader needs to trade the capital can apply for funding for results like al-mudaraba‘. How to calculate prior income estimates to be gained by customers from the project.

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Last few years, banks in Indonesia has become rang with the establishment of commercial banks and Islamic business units of sharia, such as banks and bank Muamalat Syariah Mandiri. The growth of Islamic banking is to indicate that the current preferences of Indonesian society increasingly lead to the Islamic transactions.

Conditions showed that the public became aware of the existence of Islamic banks as a means to manage their funds but still based on sharia principles clearly more blessed by Allah SWT. Another factor is that the conventional banking system increasingly considered incompatible with the cultures of Indonesia where the majority Muslim population.

In the conventional banking system of many elements that are against Islamic teachings, the most common element discussed is the application of interest to its customers, either saving or borrowing money. In the interest of the Islamic legal transactions are forbidden, because included in the category of riba. There is interest in the system who suffered losses, but on the other side benefit for the losses.

The following illustration. When host A save some money in a conventional bank, the money will be lent by banks to other parties who need to borrow money masters call it B, but the bank gave to the host B regulations to pay interest at 10% of the loan, while in other the bank also gives the rules to host A that he would be rewarded with interest of 7% over the value of money which he kept in the bank. From the illustration clearly shows that between host A and host B does not have an agreement and also the sincerity of these flowers, they just follow the rules of the bank. As a result Mr. B will suffer a loss because he had to pay more debts and host A will benefit from the value of treasure. This is contrary to the teachings of Islam where there are parties who profited while others have suffered losses and the absence of a covenant (agreement) which was agreed and accepted by the sincerity of both parties are.

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